Heat-insulating wall



March 26,1929. L) BUCK 1,706,769

* HEAT INSULA'IING WALL Filed Sept. 9, 1926 UNITED" STAT sS-PATENT ole-"FICE, A

LUGIEN BUCK, or- NonTH ADAMS, MASSACHUSETTS, AsSIGNon To JAMns HUNTER MACHINE COMPANY, or NORTH ADAMS, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION or MASSACHUSETTS.

HEAT-INSULATINGl WALL.

Applicationled September 9, 1926. Serial No, 134,512.f i

This invention pertains to heat insulating walls suchfor vexampleas are employed in the construction of ovens, refrigeratorsaand the like and wherein the heat insulatingma? terial is conned between innenand outer sheathings of sheet material, ,for example metal, and in its more specific aspects relates to insulating walls of -sectional vtype comprising panels adapted t0 be assembled to l produce the desired structure. y

In accordance with' usual constructional methods the insulating material, forv example sheets or layers of felt, cork, asbestos,I etc., or loose fibrous material such as fibrous 5 asbestos, mineral wool, or the. like, or combinations thereof, are confinedfbetween inner and outer walls or sheathings of sheetmaterial, for example steel or other metal, the assemblage being held to ether by means of bolts, rivets or other4 astener devices extending through theentire thickness of the walls and engaging both inner andA outer sheathings. Moreover, when the" walls'are of sectional character, that is to say built up 25 by assembling previously constructed panels,

the sheathing material usuallyextends from the innerto the outer surface of the sheathings at the joints',f'since the `sheathing of each bpanel ordinarily l'covers its edges as 30 well a's its inner and outerfaces.

' the apparatus.

Whenl it is attempted to maintain a high temperature difference between the space within the insulatin enclosure and thespace outside, it is found atthe heatis conducted through the numerous rivets or other connecting mea/ns, and through the metal atthe joints between adjacent sections, inl such quantity'as seriously to affect the eiiiciency 0% thejtrans'fer of heat from one side to the other by conduction in the mannerjust referredv v to iis practically prevented orwat least reduced to an inconsequential n linimumjsincel substantially all direct metallic connection between the^innerand outer surfaces ofuthe walls is eliminated. The presentsinaproved construction which will hereinafter be more .fully disclosedis admirably adapted to the vbuildingrof ovens, for example enameling ovens, in whichna high temperature must be maintained since it not only provides, the vde sired heat insulating joint between the sections but is also adapted to be incorporated' in dO'OrS 0r otherclosures forming portions of the oven `wal1s',/and in heat insulating con- Y nections )between the vertical walls and the floor platel or top of the structure. i

In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a front elevation, Vdiagrammatic in character, or an oven or otherv structure provided with doors in its front wall, and illustrating one application of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary section substantiallly on the line 2-2 of Fig. l but to largerscale, showing doors designed toswing outwardly; j v

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary vertical section'il lustrating a desirable form of joint between the vertical wall of the'oven and a horizontal j member, for example a floor platef;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary section on the same plane as that of Fig. 2, but to larger scale,

showing details of the j panel construction; and v Fig. 5 is a fragmentary section on substan- A tially the same Rlane as Fig. 2 showing modified door construction. Referringto the drawings the numeral -1 designates an oven or'other insulated structure having doors2 and 3, a top 4, and a bottom 5. While this structure is referred to as an oven it is to be understood that the Vinvention is not in any way limited to elnloymentin devicesvof this specific type, but 1s applicable to structures of all types and sizes in which'heat vinsulation is an 1mportant desidertum. y Y

Referring more particularly to Figs. 2 and 4 the left-handl side wall of the oven 1S shown as comprising av lpluralit panels 6, 7, 8 etc. .arrange edge to edge and with the 'oints between them extending vertically. j. ile the vertical jointhas herein been shown in detail, it is manifest thathor 4izontal ljoints between the panelsl may be of independent horizontal ymeeting edges of adjacent panels f wlll f be provided with joints substantially such-as herein disclosed.

' Referring more articularly to panel 7 which is t pical o the lane panels employed in t e Side walls o the structure, it

comprlses .outer-and inner walls or sheathings 1Y0 and 11A These 'sheathings are preferably of sheet material and 'may conven` iently be made of Sheet metal, for example.

sheet steel. These outer and inner sheathings and -ll'are spaced 'apart and while 1t is vpossible and may at times be desirable to leave the space between these members substantially vacant, it will usually vbe found preferable to till this space more or less completely, with' some material adapted to prevent conduction of heat or-transfer of heat by convection from one wall to the other.

Such material may consist of layers 12 of felt, air cell asbestos, or other insulating material commonly furnished in sheets or layers, or the space may belilled with loose brous material 13, for example asbestos 'or'J mineral wool. As here 4shown a combination of these two 'arrangements is employed. Referring to Fig.. 4l the upper end of the sheathing 11 is bent outwardly at 1d to provide the out-turned dange 15. Preferably this Harige is bent bach upon itself at 16 to.

. secured inany desired manner, as for-example, by pressing the members 15 and 17 together in aA manner common to sheet metal construction. Alternatively this closure member may constitute anintegral continuation of the part y17". `.'lhe closure member 18 isl preferably of sheet material, for exi ample sheet steel, and extends inwardly'sub- 35 stantially perpendicular to the plane of the sheathing 11 to form a wide flange consti-- tuting a partial closure for the space within the panel. At the point 19 the member 18 is bent outwardly beyond the edge 'of vthe panel!v to 'provide the member 20 whichy is substantially parallel to the sheathing 11.

The sheathing' 10 is likewise provided at its edge vwith an out-turned flange 21 to' which the edge of a .closure member 22 is connected. This closure member- 22 lies substantially in the same plane as the member 18 and is furnished with the 11p-turned portion 23 vparallelto the member 20,"but spaced therefrom. Between-the members 2() and 23 a stripv of heat insulating material 24 is placed. This strip may consist of asbestos or other suitable insulation and Vis held in place by means of a rivet 25 which rigidly i a connects the members 20 and 23, said mem- "tuting a projecting tongue.

bers with the interposed ,insulation consti- At the opposite edge 'of lthe panel 7, the 'sheathing 11 is furnished with the outturned ilange 26 to which the closuremember 27 lis secured.-v This closure member is generally -similar to the `closure member 18 above de.-`

scribed except that its portion 28, which cor- .responds to the part 20 of the closure 18, is

lsomewhat longer than the ypart 20 and extends inwardly into the space within the y incarne panel.` i rllhe opposite'edge ol the sheathing 10 is likewise provided with an out-turned dange 29 to which the closure member 30 is attached. The member 30 has the part 31 parallel to and spaced from part 28. 'llhe parts 28 and 31 form the opposite walls of a socket or groove 34' adapted to receive the projecting tongue of the next adjacent panel.

rlfhe inner wall ot this groove consists of al strip 32 of insulating material interposed between the walls 28 and 31 and held in position by the rivet 33 ywhich connects such. walls.

are of substantial width a plurality of such rivets may be employed at the intervals necessary properly to connect the walls of thel tongue and groove respectively. y

When the panels are assembled the tongue ot one panel enters the groove 34 of the other thus' forming a tight joint? between adjacent while but a Single' maar) is herein muspanels. When thus assembled adjacentvpanels are rigidly connected by fitting a U- shaped sheath 3 6 over the out-turnedlanges ot' adjacent sections so that the sidewalls of the channel embrace said flanges. Suitable rivets or bolts 37 are-then passed through the side walls of the channel and through the 'flange embraced between them. .Q

The panels may thus be united rigidly so that they can not spread apart but at the same time providing a broken ljoint and eliminating all direct metallic connections between the inner and outer sheathings, eircept such relatively slight connection as is afforded by the, rivets 25 and 33. As these rivets are subjected to but little strain'they may be relatively small and spaced substantial distances apart. On the other hand the rivets 37. which form the real confiection'between the sections may be placed as closely togiether as desired since they do not conduct heat between the inner and outer Walls.

Referring to the upper part of Figf 2, the l corner panel comprises the outer sheathing 10 and the lnnensheathing 11a which are (disposed substantially in the plane of the Sheathings -10 and 11 of the plain side wall panel. Thev sheathings 10a and 11a are bentV to provide the portions 10b and 11b at right angles to the planes 'of thel parts 10a and 11a, respectively. If the panel 6 were to constitute a-.plain corner, the parts 10b and 11b would terminate at their right-hand ends, as viewed in this ligure, in the same way as the sheathmgs` 10 and 11 to provide a tongue adapted to engage a groove or socket in the neigt panel. panel 6 is provided with a door opening which is closed by door y3. Preferably the corger panel is braced andthe edge `of the vAs herein illustrated, the cornerl The edge ofthe sheathing' 10? at the opening ispreferably. furnished with an outstanding flange 38 which receives the edge of lthe closure member 39 substantially perpendicular to` thelpart 10". This closure member 39 is bent at right angles to provide thel part 40 and then again at right angles to furnishthe part 41. The corresponding edgel of the sheathingllb is also furnished with the out-- vvstanding flange 42 to which is attached the edge of the lclosure member 43 parallel tothe member 41. 'Between the' members 41 'and 43 .insulating material 44 is arranged which is held in position by means of rivets 45 conf necting the parts 41 and 43.

The door 3 preferably consists of inner and outer spaced sheathings and 51 and may ifV desired be provided7 with a `frame' consisting-of angle irons 52 suitably secured to the outer sheathing'51. A closure memmember 64 is secured to the iange 62. These closureI members extend inwardly toward each other'v across the space between the side walls ofthe panel and are then bent upwardly to provide the parallel members 66.21;,"

and .67 constituting the opposite walls a socket. Insulating material 68 is disposed between these walls which are rigidly con. nccted by means of rivets 69. Members 70 and 71, as shown, are disposed beneath the members 62 and 64 respectively and are furnished with parallel outstanding portions- 72 and 73 formingl the walls of a tongue adapted to enterst'he socket between the members 66 and 67. -Insulating material 74 is interposed at members 7-2 and 73 which are connected by the rivetsI 7 5.

The flanges 61 and 62 and 'the parts im? mediatelyv beneath them' may be secured if desired toa base plate 76 by means of suitable bolts or screws 77 and 78, it being underber 53 is secured to the outer surface-ot the member 51 at its edge and is bent at right angles to provide apart parallel to the closure memberf39. It is then bent to provide the part 55 parallel to the member 40 and again bent to provide thel portion 56 substantiallyv at right anglestothe sheathing 51. The sheathing 50 is provided at its edge with a flange -57 receiving the edge of a closure member 58 parallel to the member 56. nsulating material 59 is interposed between the members 56 and 5 8 andthe latter are connected by a rivet 60.

It may be understood thatv the .opposite edge of the door and the opening which re-1 ceives it may be constructed in similar fashion, aswell as the upper and lower edges thereof. f

lThis construction, in which the\edges of ...the door' and its opening have offset portions, provides a'broken joint which substanstood that the `member 76 is representative of any horizontal lpart such for example as a metallic or othei floor plate or top member, it being further understood that under certain"cir`cumstances one or the other of the members and 71 may in itself constitute such iooror top` in which event' the tongue .member which enters the socket would be carried wholly .byrsuch members 70 and,A 71.

Iii/Fig. .5 a slightly modified door con-f struction is illustrated adapted for luse in la position in which the door is not adjacent e toa corner panel. In this view 10b indicates tially eliminates direct flow of heatedf air,`

since the members 40 .and 52 may if desired be caused toengage one another when the door is closed. At-the same time direct'lconduction of heat is substantially eliminated since the only metallic connections between the inner and outer sheathings are furnished by the infrequent rivets 45 and 60.

Referrmg toFig. 3 there-is illustrated a desirable construction useful in attaching a vertical panel to a'horizontal member, for erample a Hoor plate or oven top'. In this view the vertical panel P, is provided'with "spaced parallel outer'and inner sheathings .or walls 10c and 11 respectively, it being understood that the space between the panels may `or may not be filled .with insulating material as preferred.- The lower edge of y sheathing isI turned outwardly to provide a ange61-and -the lower'edge of the sheath-y 1ng'11c 1s likewise turnedoutwardly to forni '65' the fiange 62.` A. closure member; 63 'Bngages the flange 61 ,and -a similar closure the outer sheathing of a plane panel reinforced at its edge by means of an .angle ba'r D. The door is provided with a sheathing 51 inthe same way as previously described with respect ito Fig. 2 and maybe `furnished with'rthe, reinforce frame 53a in the same manner. In this case the edge of the sheath-l ing 10b s 'topssubstantially flush with the edge of the `reinforce member- D, and the closure member 82 overlaps the outer surface kof the sheathing 10b and then extends inwardly to provide the parts 84, 86 andai-1, Likewise a .closure member 83 overlaps the outer surface of the sheathing 51, then eX- tends inwardly to provide'the parts 85, 87,

,and 56 corresponding with the part 56 preyviously described. The remainder of this structure corresponds to that disclosed in -Fig. 42 and need not'v be described in detail. 1

lhile certain specific, arrangements have herein been disclosed it is to be understood that various changes in proportion of parts -and in their relative arrangement may be lmade as circumstances lmay warrant- .without departingfrom the spiritlof the invention.

, `I claim:y .i An v-insulating-wall` having spaced inings, said elements extending'into the .space 'ner .and outer sheathings, and 'means' cony between the sheathings, a spacer member of heat insulating material separating said elements, and a 'device of small cross-sectional area extending through said elements and the spacer member and uniting them.

2. An insulating panel having spaced in.

ner and outer sheathings and means connectingthe edges of said sheathings comprising a piece of sheet material extending from the edge'of each sheathmg into the space ybetween the shet-hings, each such piece of sheet material Ihaving apart dislis posed parallel to and spaced from its re spective sheathing and spaced from the cori responding part of the other piece of sheet materiah heat insulating-material interposed between said parts, and rivets connecting said parts. v

v 3. Aheat insulating panel having spaced side walls ofsheet metal with heat insulating material between them, a closure for the edge of the panel comprising pieces of space' between the sheathings from an edge' of each sheathing respectively, each of 'said sheet material extending inwardly from thel edge ofthe respective side walls and then turning at substantially right angles to provide parallel members, heat insulating material interposed between said members, and fasteners extending through such heat insulating material and said members to unite the latter.I- I

4.' In an insulating panel having spaced Ainner'andoutersheathings, a piece-of sheet metal secured to the edge of each of the respective sheath-ings, each such piece :of metal-having apart disposedsubstantially perpendicular to the plane of its corresponding sheat-hings to form an edge closure for the panel, said pieces of metal each having a part disposed substantially parallel to the plane of its respective sheathing, said-latter parts being spaced and projecting beyond the edge of the panel, and heat insulating material interposed between said projecting parts and together with the latter const-ituting a tongue which projects beyond the edge of the panel i 5. In an insulating panel havingispaced inner and outer sheathings, a piece of shee material extending into the space between the sheathings from the edge of each sheathing respectively, said pieces' of sheetfmaterial havingC opposed substantially parallel parts spaced to provide a groove at theedge of Lthe panel, heat insulating material interposed between said parallel parts and constituting a bottom for the groove, and fastener .means connecting said insulating material to said parallel parts.

6. In an insulating panel having spaced inner and outer metallic sheathings, a piece of sheet metal extending inwardly into the pieces of sheet metal having a part disposed perpendicular to the plane of its corresponding sheathing and a part substantially paral- `lel to such plane, said latter parts being tween said parallel parts, andmeans rigidly,

connecting said parts. v 8. A heat` insulating.A wall `having independent sections disposed in edge to edge relation, each sectioncomprising spaced sheathingS, the edge of each sheathing .of each section being turned outwardly to form a flange, fconnecting means engaging the flanges ot eachsection, said connecting means comprising means substantially pref venting the conduction Iof heat from one -sheathing tothe other of a given section, a substantially U-shaped sheath embracing the adjacent out-turned flanges of adjoining sections, and a fastener device extending 'through the walls of said sheath and the.'

flanges embraced between them to unite the sections, .J 9. Ina heat insulating wall Aofthe type having separate panels united `with tongueand grooye joints, a panel comprising spaced inner and outer sheathings, a tongue projectlng from` one edge thereof and having parallel members united respectively to thel inner and outer sheathings and having. material interposedlbetween said parallel members and substantially insulating them from I each other, a groove in another edge of said panel having side walls united respectivelyto the 'in ner and outer sheathings and means substantially insulating said vside walls from each other.

1Q. -In a heat insulating.wallbf the typev havlng spaced inner and outer wallsand\l15 separate panels, atongue and groove `joint for 'uniting the edges of adjacent` panels.

comprising pieces of sheet material extending perpendicularly from the walls of both edges and thence parallel to said` walls, the parallel portions of the tongue edgeqprotruding from its edge and the parallel lportions of the/groove edgelretreating within its edge, both tongue and groove 'portions l having material interposed between said parallel members and c substantiallyl insulating them from each other.

11. A heat insulating wall havingminde-l pendent sections disposedin edge to edge relation, each section comprising spaced sheathings, the edge of each sheathing of cach section being turned outwardly to form a flange, connecting means engaging the flanges of each section, said connecting means comprising pieces of sheet metal eX- tending inwardly from said flanges and thence parallel to said sheathings, said parallel portions protruding from the edge of one section and retreating Within JChe edge 10 of the other section, both sets of parallel portions being separated by heat insulating material, a substantially U-shaped sheath embracing the adjacent outturned flanges of adjoining sections, and a fastener device extending throngh the Walls of said sheath and the flanges embraced between them to unite the sections.

Signed by ine at Boston, Massachusetts, this 4th day of September, 1926.

' LUCIEN BUCK. 

